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- From: leech@cs.unc.edu (Jon Leech)
- Newsgroups: sci.space.tech,sci.space.science,sci.answers,news.answers
- Subject: Space FAQ 13/13 - Orbital and Planetary Launch Services
- Supersedes: <launchers_762561428@cs.unc.edu>
- Followup-To: poster
- Date: 3 Apr 1994 18:51:25 -0400
- Organization: University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
- Lines: 330
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- Expires: 8 May 1994 22:51:25 GMT
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- Keywords: Frequently Asked Questions
- Xref: bloom-beacon.mit.edu sci.space.tech:1314 sci.space.science:351 sci.answers:1061 news.answers:17644
-
- Archive-name: space/launchers
- Last-modified: $Date: 94/04/03 18:45:58 $
-
- ORBITAL AND PLANETARY LAUNCH SERVICES
-
- Most of the following data comes from _International Reference Guide
- to Space Launch Systems_ by Steven J. Isakowitz, 1991 edition. The
- launcher FAQ was compiled and is maintained by Josh Hopkins. His address
- is jbh55289@uxa.cso.uiuc.edu. Special thanks go to Wales Larrison
- (wales.larrison@ofa123.fidonet.org) for providing some cost data and the
- summaries of other programs included at the end.
-
- Notes: * Unless otherwise specified, LEO and polar payloads
- are for a 100 nm orbit.
- * Reliablity data generally includes launches through Dec
- 1990. When applicable, reliability data for a family of
- vehicles includes launches of types no longer
- operational. Reliability data is subject to interpretation
- and is for comparison purposes only.
- * Only operational vehicle families are included.
- Vehicle types which had not yet flown at the time
- my data was published (or when I wrote this) are
- marked with an asterisk.
- * Data on price is for comparison purposes only.
- Costs for government vehicles are somewhat meaningless
- and commercial costs vary from bid to bid.
-
-
- Vehicle | Payload kg (lbs) | Reliability | Price
- (nation) | LEO Polar GTO | |
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- Ariane 35/40 87.5%
- (ESA)
- AR40 4,900 3,900 1,900 1/1 $65m
- (10,800) (8,580) (4,190)
- AR42P 6,100 4,800 2,600 1/1 $67m
- (13,400) (10,600) (5,730)
- AR44P 6,900 5,500 3,000 0/0 ? $70m
- (15,200) (12,100) (6,610)
- AR42L 7,400 5,900 3,200 0/0 ? $90m
- (16,300) (13,000) (7,050)
- AR44LP 8,300 6,600 3,700 6/6 $95m
- (18,300) (14,500) (8,160)
- AR44L 9,600 7,700 4,200 3/4 $115m
- (21,100) (16,900) (9,260)
-
- * AR5 18,000 ??? 6,800 0/0 $105m
- (39,600) (15,000)
- [300nm]
-
-
- Atlas 213/245 86.9%
- (USA)
- Atlas E -- 820 -- 15/17 $45m
- (1,800)
-
- Atlas I 5,580 4,670 2,250 1/1 $70m
- (12,300) (10,300) (4,950)
-
- Atlas II 6,395 5,400 2,680 0/0 $75m
- (14,100) (11,900) (5,900)
-
- Atlas IIA 6,760 5,715 2,810 0/0 $85m
- (14,900) (12,600) (6,200)
-
- * Atlas IIAS 8,390 6,805 3,490 0/0 $115m
- (18,500) (15,000) (7,700)
-
-
- Delta 189/201 94.0%
- (USA)
- Delta 6925 3,900 2,950 1,450 14/14 $45m
- (8,780) (6,490) (3,190)
-
- Delta 7925 5,045 3,830 1,820 1/1 $50m
- (11,100) (8,420) (4,000)
-
-
- Energia 2/2 100%
- (Russia)
- Energia 88,000 80,000 ??? 2/2 $110m
- (194,000) (176,000)
-
-
- H series 22/22 100%
- (Japan)
- * H-2 10,500 6,600 4,000 0/0 $110m
- (23,000) (14,500) (8,800)
-
-
- Kosmos 371/377 98.4%
- (Russia)
- Kosmos 400 km circular orbit $???
- 51 degrees - 1400 kg
- 83 degrees - 1105 kg
-
-
- Lockheed Launch Vehicle 0/0
- (U.S)
- * LLV-1 1,100 ??? ??? $15m ?
- (2,400)
- * LLV-2 1,800 ??? ???
- (4,000)
- * LLV-3 3,600 ??? ???
- (8,000)
-
-
- Long March 23/25 92.0%
- (China)
- * CZ-1D 720 ??? 200 0/0 $10m
- (1,590) (440)
-
- CZ-2C 3,200 1,750 1,000 12/12 $20m
- (7,040) (3,860) (2,200)
-
- CZ-2E 9,200 ??? 3,370 1/1 $40m
- (20,300) (7,430)
-
- * CZ-2E/HO 13,600 ??? 4,500 0/0 $60m
- (29,900) (9,900)
-
- CZ-3 ??? ??? 1,400 6/7 $33m
- (3,100)
-
- * CZ-3A ??? ??? 2,500 0/0 $???m
- (5,500)
-
- CZ-4 4,000 ??? 1,100 2/2 $???m
- (8,800) (2,430)
-
-
- Pegasus/Taurus 4/4 100%
- (USA)
- Pegasus 455 365 125 4/4 $13.5m
- (1,000) (800) (275)
-
- * Taurus 1,450 1,180 375 0/0 $15m
- (3,200) (2,600) (830)
-
-
- Proton 164/187 87.7%
- (Russia)
- Proton 20,000 ??? 5,500 164/187 $35-70m
- (44,100) (12,200)
-
-
- SCOUT 99/113 87.6%
- (USA)
- SCOUT G-1 270 210 54 13/13 $12m
- (600) (460) (120)
-
- * Enhanced SCOUT 525 372 110 0/0 $15m
- (1,160) (820) (240)
-
-
- Shavit 2/2 100%
- (Israel)
- Shavit ??? 160 ??? 2/2 $22m
- (350)
-
- Space Shuttle 37/38 97.4%
- (USA)
- Shuttle/SRB 23,500 ??? 5,900 37/38 [I'm not going
- (51,800) (13,000) to touch the
- price issue]
-
- * Shuttle/ASRM 27,100 ??? ??? 0/0
- (59,800)
-
-
- SLV 2/6 33.3%
- (India) (400km) (900km polar)
- ASLV 150 ??? ??? 0/2 $???m
- (330)
-
- * PSLV 3,000 1,000 450 0/0 $???m
- (6,600) (2,200) (990)
-
- * GSLV 8,000 ??? 2,500 0/0 $???m
- (17,600) (5,500)
-
-
- Titan 160/172 93.0%
- (USA)
- Titan II ??? 1,905 ??? 2/2 $43m
- (4,200)
-
- Titan III 14,515 ??? 5,000 2/3 $158m
- (32,000) (11,000) [1988$]
-
- Titan IV/SRM 17,700 14,100 6,350 3/3 $315m-$360m
- (39,000) (31,100) (14,000)
-
- Titan IV/SRMU 21,640 18,600 8,620 0/0 $???m
- (47,700) (41,000) (19,000)
-
-
- Vostok 1358/1401 96.9%
- (Russia) [650km]
- Vostok 4,730 1,840 ??? ?/149 $14m
- (10,400) (4,060)
-
- Soyuz 7,000 ??? ??? ?/944 $15m
- (15,400)
-
- Molniya 1500kg (3300 lbs) in ?/258 $???M
- Highly eliptical orbit
-
-
- Zenit 12/13 92.3%
- (Russia)
- Zenit 13,740 11,380 4,300 12/13 $65m
- (30,300) (25,090) (9,480)
-
-
- The following information on other proposed launch systems is
- provided by Wales Larrison. The asterisks mark vehicles which seem most
- likely to make it off the drawing board.
-
- Aerospatiale air launched (France) --study of two-stage launch
- vehicle launched from Airbus-type aircraft. Reported
- capable of 1000 Kg to LEO low-Earth orbit. Used M4
- and M5 solid rocket boosters, and studied for
- European military uses. No data since early 1992.
- Probably shelved.
-
- Argentina -- small orbital launcher, derivative of Argentinian
- sounding rocket program. Some interesting rumors
- that suitable large solids were poured as part of
- secret military ICBM effort under military Junta rule
- several years ago, but program records destroyed when
- civilian government took over.
-
- Sweden (Bofors/Saab) -- small all solid sounding rocket to use
- Kiruna launch range in northern Sweden. Probably
- subsumed into IMI effort (Saab is teamed on Orbex).
- No data for several years.
-
- TRW -- Proposed development of launch vehicle using pressure-fed
- "dumb" boosters. Studied extensively at TRW in late
- 1960's and revived in late 1980's. Rumors of
- company-funded propulsion tests. Rumors this is
- being proposed as joint program with GDC or MDC for
- upgrade in MLV-3 proposal effort. -- Lots of rumors
- but no solid data that this is real program.
-
- * OrbEx - Small all solid vehicle. "ORBital EXpress". Firm
- contract for BMDO MSTI payload launch. Options for
- another 9 launches. First launch planned 1994. Cost
- per launch estimated at $ 10-15 M. First launch for
- BMDO, MSTI-4 payload, priced at $14.7 M, contract
- signed July 1992. Owned by International Microspace
- Inc. -- partnered with Conatec, Saab, and Bristol
- Aerospace.
-
- PACASTRO PA-1 - Little data. Estimate $5-10 M per launch. All
- solid, very small launcher. No confirmed customers
- or customer support. Floating venture capital
- prospectus around.
-
- * Russian ICBM derivatives -- Several proposed, usually SS-18 or
- SS-25 derivatives. Would used converted strategic
- ICBMs to launch small payloads. Bid on several
- international smallsat launchers. Political
- concerns due to use for MCTR and number of launches
- tightly regulated by START treaties and verification
- activities. Prices discussed are absolute rock-
- bottom.
- [There is also converted SLBM called the "Surf" which
- seems likely to make it off the drawing boards]
-
- Space Clipper (NPO Yuznoye - Ukraine) - Proposed derivative of
- SS-18 utilizing air-launched ICBM as first stage of
- orbital launcher for small sats. Used AN-124
- aircraft as carrier. Extensively publicized as part
- of IAF. 500 Kg into LEO. No customers, no contracts.
-
- SEALAR (Sea Eagle) - Mobile SEA LAunched Rocket. Supported by
- Navy Research lab funding. Estimated cost $ 10
- M/launch. Projected first launch data of 1996
- (dependent upon NRL funding) Bob Truax company.
- Suborbital test planned.
-
- * Sonda IV (Brazil)- Small orbital launcher derivative of existing
- Brazilian Sonda sounding rocket. Rumored being
- readied for 1993 launch. Cost unknown. Obvious
- political issue from MTCR, if used as a launch
- vehicle for US payloads.
-
- Zefiro (Italy) - Small launcher derivative of Scout vehicle,
- utilizing new solid booster. From Gilarini in Italy.
- Cost unknown. Proposed to be ready for qual flights
- in late 1995.
-
- * J-1 (Japan) - Small all-solid launcher from NASDA H-2 solid
- boosters combined with M-3S II solids from ISAS
- launcher program. Paper by Tateu Hosomura of Nissan
- Motor Co., Japan's principal solid- booster
- manufacturer, at IAF claimed first flight in mid-
- 1995. Capable of 900 kilograms in LEO, with growth to
- 2000 Kg. Believed funded in 1993 NASDA/ISAS budget.
-
- Aussroc (Australia) - Eventual derivative of small indigenous
- sounding rocket currently being test fired. Last
- sounding rocket test failed. Probably 5-10 years
- away for orbital launch attempt if not fully funded
- by national government (currently shared industry/
- university/ government). Would use old Woomera
- launch range.
-
- Bristol (Canada) - Proposed small launcher, based upon Black
- Brandt series of sounding rockets. Proposed
- development program to be shared with Canadian Space
- Agency. 500 lb to LEO class launcher. Requires
- development of new solid booster by Bristol.
-
- Capricornia (Spain) - small 3 stage booster. Reported to be
- capable of 100 Kg in LEO. Originated by INTA in
- Spain, under $ 30M of developmental funding. Looking
- for international partners and further financing.
- Potential launch in 1995/1996.
-
- * COMET/Conestoga -- small all solid vehicle being developed to
- launch the COMET orbital launch/return payload
- system. First launch planned 1993 from Wallops
- Island. Estimated launch cost $10-25 M (depending on
- type).
- [As of 7-93 COMET was on indefinate hold due to
- cost overruns. -JBH]
-